According to top-medical-schools, the maṣṭaba type survives in the Middle Kingdom for non-royal tombs, which instead continue to take up the Memphite pyramid in stone or unfired bricks with a little more slender shapes. Characteristic of these tombs are the decorative paintings. The painted relief is often replaced by a painting done directly on the wall. Alongside the traditional themes, scenes of war and family life appear. In the relief…
Read MoreEgypt Industry and Trade
Industry had little importance in Egypt until recently. The main production of the country, that of cotton, except for a grandiose factory recently built in Alexandria and some smaller factories to partially satisfy local needs, can be said to feed only the work of ginning and pressing. The first takes place in modernly equipped factories in el-Manṣürah and Kafr ez-Zayyāt which employ indigenous workers under the direction of European technicians.…
Read MoreEthiopia Demographics 1984
Surface and borders. – In May 1991, with the fall of Mangestù (see story), a provisional government was established in Eritrea, already an integral part of Ethiopia, in charge of calling, within two years, a self-determination referendum. Population. – The civil war, which hit the country hard between the end of the Eighties and the beginning of the current decade, has profoundly altered the demographic picture of Ethiopia. The situation…
Read MoreTunisia Agriculture and Breeding
Like the other countries of minor Africa, Tunisia is a predominantly agricultural and pastoral country but also rich in substantial mineral resources (phosphates). The main resource, however, is made up of agriculture, whose income amounts to 4/5 of total production. After deducting the unproductive area, which accounts for 28% of the total area, more than half (50.5%) is represented by productive but not cultivated lands, 1/3 (2,934,000 ha.) By arable…
Read MoreAlgeria – Chronology of the Civil War
December 1991. Front Islamique du Salut (FiS) wins the first round of the general elections January 1992. Coup d’etat. President Chadli Benjedid is forced to resign; the Haut Conseil de Sécurité (HCS), a body made up almost exclusively of military personnel, cancels the second round of elections and creates the Haut Conseil de État (HCE), directed by Mohamed Boudiaf. February 1992. The HCE proclaims a state of emergency February 1993.…
Read MoreMorocco Society and Economy
Population and society Morocco has about 33 million residents, divided into almost 60% of the urban population and 40.3% who live in the rural areas of the country. The growth rate of the Moroccan population from the early 1980s to the mid-1990s was around 2% per year, while in the following decade it recorded a significant slowdown, especially when compared with the levels of the other countries in the area.…
Read MoreSouth Africa Population and Society
Population and society Since South Africa has been the destination of several migratory waves and conquests that have stratified over time, the composition of its population is rich and complex. According to the 2011 census data, just under 80% of the population is registered as of black African origin, 8.7% of the population is white, 9.5% is of colored origin , while the remaining 2.4% is of Indian and Asian…
Read MoreBurkina Faso State Overview
History In the 11th century, the Mossi people, under the leadership of Vedraogo, laid the foundations for the Empire of Moro de Naba, the embryo of present-day Burkina Faso. The powerful Mossi kingdom resisted repeated invasions by Arab forces and consolidated its political structure. Later, the region was conquered by the French, who in 1919 created the Upper Volta colony. In 1932 Upper Volta was dismembered and divided between the former French colonies of Sudan, Niger and Ivory Coast. In 1947, it became part of…
Read MoreTanzania Cities
Tanzania borders in the northwest on Burundi and Rwanda, in the north on Uganda (partially bordered by Lake Victoria ), in the northeast on Kenya, in the east on the Indian Ocean, in the south on Mozambique, in the southwest on Malawi andZambia, in the west on the Democratic Republic of the Congo (border through Lake Tanganyika ). According to naturegnosis, Tanzania is largely a highland 1,000–2,000 m above sea…
Read MoreSierra Leone Overview
Sierra Leone, officially English Republic of Sierra Leone [r ɪ p ʌ bl ɪ k əv s ɪ erə l ɪ ə ʊ n (ɪ)], German Republic of Sierra Leone country in West Africa on the Atlantic Ocean, with (2019) 7.8 million residents – see threergroup; The capital is Freetown. Politics Since 1961, an independent state within the Commonwealth, Sierra Leone is a republic. According to the 1991 Constitution, executive…
Read MoreDemocratic Republic of the Congo History
In March 2016, the International Criminal Court (ICC) found former Vice President Bemba guilty of crimes against humanity and war crimes and sentenced him to 18 years in prison in June 2016. In the same year a domestic political conflict escalated over the scheduling of the constitutional parliamentary and presidential elections. In September 2016, the electoral commission announced that it would not be able to hold the elections due to…
Read MoreAlgeria – Mali: Conflict and Terror Part III
6: The French intervention According to THEMEPARKTOUR.COM, ECOWA’s intervention in Mali was scheduled to take place in early September 2013 – for several reasons. They wanted to secure international financial support. They wanted a political process with Ansar to split them from AQIM and MOJWA , and they also needed a government partner in Bamako with a popular mandate and a reorganized Malian army as a military partner. None of…
Read MoreAlgeria – Mali: Conflict and Terror Part II
For a period, a security vacuum arose with looting, murder, rape of residents on mass flight. Three different Islamist groups therefore moved into this space of power and created a certain form of order, but also a strictly Islamic rule without roots in local religious traditions. This was the situation until the rebels again moved south (January 2013), and panicked leaders in the capital begged France for help. France intervened,…
Read MoreAlgeria – Mali: Conflict and Terror Part I
The terrorist attack on the gas plant in In Aménas in Algeria ended in tragedy. The plant was operated by the Norwegian company Statoil and British BP together with the state-owned Algerian company Sonatrach. 800−900 people worked at the plant, and they came from a number of countries. Among the hostages killed, we find people from 8 countries – including Norwegians. Where is the line between pure crime and politically…
Read MoreCzech Republic Economic Sectors
Agriculture In 2014, 3.0% of the workforce was employed in agriculture and forestry, which generated 2.6% of GDP. The land privatization laws passed in 1991 contributed to the fact that the almost completely collectivized companies until 1961 were gradually transferred to private property. The agricultural area covers around 4.22 million hectares, of which around 71% are arable land, 24% meadows and pastures, the rest are vineyards, orchards and hops. The…
Read MoreGlobal Health – Both Human Rights and Foreign Policy Part II
4: Migration and health Migration means that not only people but also diseases cross national borders. In Norway, we had finally gained control of tuberculosis , but it is on the rise again . The new growth is due to the fact that immigrants, including from Russia and Eastern Europe, have brought with them so-called multi-resistant tuberculosis. This could not be treated in the usual way. Polio was also almost…
Read MoreGlobal Health – Both Human Rights and Foreign Policy Part I
The most difficult issues in cooperation between states have long been about security and military conditions, trade and business interests. This is an area where national interests are strongly dependent on other countries and where the states’ interests can quickly come into conflict with each other. But in recent years, health has become an both more important and more difficult issue in international politics. Do we as cages in Norway…
Read MoreSouth Sudan: New Start for Fragile State Part III
Part of the dissatisfaction is probably due to the failed handling of the many different South Sudanese militia groups that fought against the SPLM / A and received support from Khartoum during the civil war. The Juba government has tried to make these groups part of the South Sudanese government army. But trust between the soldiers and the ex-militias is low. Many of the former military soldiers have also shown…
Read MoreSouth Sudan: New Start for Fragile State Part II
4: Development The oil will not last forever. Without new investments or new discoveries, oil production can be at its peak as early as 2012 and then fall drastically from 2015. Even with new discoveries, it will take a lot for oil alone to drive prosperity growth in the south – which is a huge need. After decades of civil war, which has claimed the lives of more than two…
Read MoreSouth Sudan: New Start for Fragile State Part I
On July 9, 2011, the people of South Sudan rejoiced at finally having their own state and independence from Sudan. However, the very tense relationship with the former enemy in the north and the many conflicts internally in the south are in danger of undermining the peace and the work of building a viable state. What is the background of the new state? Is there peace between north and south?…
Read MoreNobel Peace Prize 2011 Part III
7: Yemen in Transformation – Tawakkol Karman The Arab Spring of 2011 brought Arab countries to the headlines in newspapers all over the world. People rose up against dictatorship and oppression; they demanded democracy, human rights and better living conditions. In Yemen, President Ali Abdullah Saleh had our president for 33 years, first in northern Yemen, then in the same country from 1999. The country was considered a “budding democracy”,…
Read MoreNobel Peace Prize 2011 Part II
Ellen Sirleaf is not an American Liberian. She is half Gola, a quarter Kru (original ethnic groups) and a quarter German. She was born in 1938 in the capital Monrovia and was allowed to go to high school. She got married and had 4 sons who the family took care of when she went to business college in the USA. Later she studied economics and took a master’s degree in…
Read MoreNobel Peace Prize 2011 Part I
“Magnificent” – “fantastically important” – “really tinned” – “historical”. There was no shortage of good words when the Nobel Committee announced who would receive the Peace Prize for 2011: Ellen Johnson Sirleaf and Leymah Gbowee from Liberia and Tawakkol Karman from Yemen received the prize for their non-violent struggle for a peaceful value. But the Peace Prize has not always emphasized such joy as in 2011. What is the basis…
Read MoreCuba Culture and Traditions
CULTURE: GENERAL INFORMATION The Cuban cultural soul, a direct emanation of the ethnic one, is threefold: the native component, the Spanish one and that of the African slaves deported here are recognized. In the various spheres of Cuban cultural life one or the other prevails alternately, but it is the fusion of different influences that gives it shape and peculiarity. As often happens, religion is the sphere in which the…
Read MoreMauritania Economy
ECONOMY: GENERAL INFORMATION For centuries, due to the desert climate that characterizes Mauritania, the only activity carried out by the population was nomadic farming and agriculture limited to oases and areas irrigated by the waters of the Senegal River. This situation continued even during the colonial period; it was only in the 1960s that the government launched a series of development plans to encourage the mining sector, transport, communications and…
Read MoreCentral African Republic History Timeline
According to historyaah, the Central African Republic is a state in Central Africa and was formerly a French colony. The country has no coastline and borders Chad to the north, Sudan to the east, the Republic of the Congo and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the south, and Cameroon to the west. The Central African Republic and its neighboring countries that became the Ubangui-Chari empire during colonial rule…
Read MoreNigeria Politics and Law
Politics The constitution, which came into force on May 17, 1999, characterizes Nigeria as a presidential Federal Republic (in the Commonwealth ) and guarantees the separation of state and religion, separation of powers, elementary human and civil rights and a multi-party system. The head of state, head of government and commander in chief of the armed forces is the directly elected president for 4 years (since 2015 M. Buhari ).…
Read MoreTrekking & Classic Safari in Kenya
This trip offers both a magnificent trekking to the top of Mount Kenya as well as an adventurous safari in the Masai Mara Wildlife Sanctuary with an exceptionally rich animal and bird life. On this tour you will experience Kenya’s capital Nairobi, where you will be guided through some of the city’s highlights including visits to the Sheldrick Elephant Orphanage, Kazuri Jewelry & Pottery Workshop and the house of author…
Read MoreTravel in Kenya on Your Own
Travel on your own in Kenya. Start your trip in Nairobi, make excursions to the various national parks and enjoy the wildlife and the exciting culture of the country, trek up to the top of Mount Kenya and enjoy the sun, sand and beach outside Mombasa. See map of Kenya on directoryaah. Day 1: Departure from Scandinavia It is a departure from Scandinavia to Nairobi in Kenya. Depending on the airline,…
Read MoreLuxury Tent Safari & Zanzibar
Combine a luxurious tent safari in the famous Masai Mara National Park in Kenya with an absolutely wonderful relaxation on Zanzibar in Tanzania. According to ebizdir, a safari through Kenya gives you a rich opportunity to experience Africa’s wildlife up close. Embark on a journey of discovery after “The Big Five”: elephant, buffalo, lion, leopard and a small number of rhinos, but also giraffes, hippos, hyenas and countless antelopes. On Zanzibar…
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